Scooping Review Strategi Promosi Kesehatan di Komunitas: Sebuah Kajian Sistematis tentang Media, Fungsi Edukasi, dan Hambatan Praktis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32585/jmiak.v8i1.6918Abstract
Promosi kesehatan merupakan salah satu strategi kunci dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat, terutama dalam menghadapi isu-isu seperti stunting, infeksi menular seksual (IMS), dan kesehatan reproduksi remaja. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi berbagai teknik promosi kesehatan yang digunakan di Indonesia serta menelaah fungsi, kelebihan, kekurangan, dan tantangan dari masing-masing pendekatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review terhadap 20 artikel terpilih yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa teknik promosi sangat beragam, mulai dari media digital seperti WhatsApp edukasi, video animasi, dan media sosial interaktif, hingga pendekatan konvensional seperti penyuluhan tatap muka, leaflet, komik, permainan tradisional, dan poster. Teknik digital cenderung efektif dalam menjangkau remaja dan kelompok melek teknologi, sedangkan pendekatan tatap muka lebih sesuai bagi lansia dan masyarakat umum dengan akses terbatas terhadap teknologi. Namun demikian, seluruh teknik memiliki tantangan tersendiri, antara lain keterbatasan literasi digital, infrastruktur, serta resistensi budaya terhadap topik-topik sensitif. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keberhasilan promosi kesehatan sangat bergantung pada kecocokan antara teknik, sasaran, konteks sosial-budaya, dan dukungan kelembagaan. Diperlukan pendekatan hibrida dan kolaboratif yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas program promosi kesehatan di Indonesia.
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