Agrisaintifika: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian
Aims & scope : Agribusiness, Food, Livestock, Agricultural Technology, Animal Science, ect ISSN : P-ISSN: 2580-0345 | E-ISSN: 2580-748X Editor in chief : Ludfia Windyasmara Schedule : February, June & November APC : 500.000 IDR Language : Indonesia & English Indexed : Sinta 4, Google Scholar, Garuda, Dimensions
ORGANOLEPTIC AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BANANA PEEL FLOUR ADDING TO SOFT CANDY PRODUCTS
The purpose of this research was to analyze the chemical and organoleptic properties of soft candy after adding banana peel flour. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was used in the investigation. The design consisted of a single element, namely the concentration of banana peel flour (0-40 g). Chemical analyses of moisture and ash content were among the measured characteristics, in addition to organoleptic evaluations (color, scent, taste, and texture) based on a hedonic scale. An ANOVA test was performed on the data with a significance level of 5%. Adding banana peel flour significantly changed the ash amount and flavor, but had no discernible influence on color, fragrance, texture, or moisture content, according to the data. Treatment P1 had the greatest moisture content at 12.64% and treatment P5 the lowest at 10.38%; nevertheless, there was no statistically significant difference between the two (p>0.05). There was a very significant difference (p<0.05) in the ash content, which rose with increasing concentrations of banana peel flour, reaching a peak of 2.85% in P5 and a minimum of 1.61% in P1. Since the moisture and ash levels were within the stipulated limits, all treatments were deemed to meet the SNI quality criteria for soft candy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatkhiyatur Rizkiyah, Maylina Ilhami Khurniyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EFFECT OF APPLICATION GIBBERELLIN AND SOAKING TIME ON THE GERMINATION OF TOBACCO SEEDS (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a plantation commodity that plays a strategic role in supporting the agricultural sector. One of the problems in tobacco cultivation is the low germination percentage of seed because of seed dormancy. This study aims to determine the effects of gibberellin concentration and soaking duration on the germination percentage and germination index of tobacco seeds. This study was conducted from February to March 2026 at the Laboratorium Tanaman II, Panen dan Pasca Panen Perkebunan, Politeknik Negeri Lampung. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: Gibberellin concentration (0, 10, 15, and 20 ppm) and soaking duration (1, 3, and 5 hours), with three replications for each treatment. The parameters evaluated were germination percentage and germination index. Data analysis using SPSS was followed by DMRT post-hoc test at 5% significance level. The results showed that gibberellin application and soaking duration had a significant effect on the germination percentage and germination index of tobacco seed. However, no significant interaction was found between the two treatment factors tested. A treatment using gibberellin 20 ppm increased the germination percentage by 5.78% and the germination index by 0.38 compared to the control. Meanwhile, a soaking duration of 5 hours increased the germination percentage by 6.83% and the germination index by 0.40 compared to the control. Keywords: Tobacco, germination percentage, gibberellin, germination index, soaking duration
Copyright (c) 2026 Lu'lu' Kholidah Fauziah, Nindy Permatasari, Resti Puspa Kartika Sari, Maisuri Hardani, Sismita Sari, Maryanti Maryanti, Devita Harijayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INTEGRATED EFFECTS OF AZOLLA INCORPORATION AND INTERCROPPING ON RICE GROWTH, AND BIOMASS NUTRITIONAL VALUE
The excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers in rice cultivation has raised concerns regarding environmental sustainability and nutrient inefficiency, highlighting the need for alternative biofertilizer strategies. Although Azolla has been widely studied, most studies have focused primarily on soil properties without integrating crop performance and biomass utilization. This study aimed to evaluate the integrated effects of Azolla incorporation and intercropping on rice growth, nitrogen uptake, and the nutritional value of Azolla biomass. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications, including control (no Azolla), Azolla incorporation at 240, 280, and 320 g/pot with and without intercropping, and chemical fertilizer treatment. The results showed that Azolla application significantly improved rice growth parameters, with plant height, leaf number, and tiller number increasing by up to 15–30% compared to the control. Higher Azolla doses (320 g/pot) consistently produced the best performance. In addition, Azolla biomass exhibited high nutritional value, with crude protein content exceeding 20%, suggesting its potential as a supplementary livestock feed. These findings demonstrate that Azolla can function as a multifunctional bioresource, enhancing crop performance while supporting biomass valorization within integrated agricultural systems. Keywords: Azolla, biomass utilization, nitrogen uptake, rice growth, sustainable agriculture
Copyright (c) 2026 Putu Oki Bimantara, I Made Adnyana, Ni Gusti Ketut Roni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EFFICIENCY AND ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF THE BLACK BUNCH CENSUS ESTIMATION MODEL ON THE REALIZATION OF FRESH OIL FRUIT BUNCH PRODUCTION
The Black Bunch Census (BBC) method is one of the most widely applied techniques in oil palm plantations for estimating fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production, serving as a basis for harvest planning, labor management, and production target setting. Despite its extensive use in plantation operations, the accuracy of this method requires continuous evaluation to ensure its reliability in reflecting actual field production. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of the Black Bunch Census model by comparing estimated and realized FFB production of Costarica and Sriwijaya 1 oil palm varieties during the period from May to August. The data consisted of estimated and actual values of bunch number and FFB tonnage collected from six plantation blocks. A paired sample t-test was employed to determine the statistical differences between estimated and realized production, while the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) was used to evaluate estimation accuracy. The results showed that the estimated number of bunches differed significantly from the realized number of bunches (p < 0.05), with a MAPE value of 76.14%, indicating a high level of prediction error. In contrast, no significant difference was observed between estimated and realized FFB tonnage (p > 0.05), with a MAPE value of 25.12%, suggesting a moderate level of estimation accuracy. Variety-based analysis revealed that Sriwijaya 1 exhibited higher estimation accuracy with a MAPE of 14.73%, whereas Costarica showed a MAPE of 35.52%. Differences in estimation accuracy were likely influenced by fruit census procedures, varietal characteristics, agronomic conditions, environmental factors, and harvesting operations. Keywords: Black Bunch Census, Production estimation, Production realization, Oil palm,Fresh fruit bunch,
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Rakhmi Afriani, Abbi Maulana, Junainah, Stenia Ruski Yusticia, M. Rezky Galang, Bagas Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF LIVELIHOOD RESOURCES AND AGROECOLOGY PRINCIPLES ON THE SUBJECTIVE WELFARE OF COFFEE FARMERS IN THE BUKIT DAUN COMMUNITY FOREST, REJANG LEBONG DISTRICT
Coffee farming under the community forestry (HKm) scheme plays an important role in supporting rural livelihoods; however, improving farmers’ welfare requires sustainable management strategies that are ecologically and socio-economically integrated. This study analyzes the influence of livelihood assets on the implementation of agroecological principles and their implications for the subjective well-being of coffee farmers in the HKm area of Bukit Daun Protected Forest, Rejang Lebong Regency. The research employs a quantitative approach using descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), with a sample of 96 HKm coffee farmers. The results show that livelihood assets and agroecological principles affect subjective well-being, where human capital has a significant influence on the implementation of agroecology. Furthermore, agroecology has a positive and significant effect on subjective well-being and acts as a mediating variable in the relationship between natural capital and subjective well-being. Meanwhile, physical, financial, human, and social capital do not have a direct significant effect on subjective well-being. These findings emphasize that improving farmers’ welfare is not solely determined by the ownership of livelihood assets but largely depends on the ability to transform these assets particularly natural capital through the implementation of sustainable agroecological practices. Keywords: Livelihood Assets, Agroecological Principles, Subjective Well-Being, SEM-PLS, HKm Coffee Farmers
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Delfiyanti, Septri Widiono, Netta Agusti, Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
INCREASING GREEN MUSTARD (Brassica juncea L.) PRODUCTION THROUGH A COMBINATION OF QUAIL MANURE AND NPK FERTILIZER
Increasing mustard greens production requires proper fertilization that supports plant growth and maintains soil quality. The intensive application of inorganic fertilizers over a long period of time has the potential to degrade soil quality; therefore, alternative fertilization methods using organic fertilizers, such as quail manure, are needed. This study aims to analyze the growth and yield response of green mustard, with treatments involving quail manure and NPK fertilizer. The field study design used a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments in this study were: no quail manure + 100% NPK fertilizer (P0), no quail manure + 50% NPK fertilizer (P1), 10 tons/ha quail manure + 50% NPK fertilizer (P2), 15 tons/ha quail manure + 50% NPK fertilizer (P3), 20 tons/ha of quail manure + 50% NPK fertilizer (P4), 25 tons/ha of quail manure + 50% NPK fertilizer (P5), and 25 tons/ha of quail manure + 0% NPK fertilizer (P6). Each treatment consisted of four groups with 28 experimental units. The results of the observations indicated that the application of quail manure and NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on stem diameter, leaf length, number of leaves, root weight, plant canopy weight, and fresh plant weight. The 25 tons/ha + 0% NPK fertilizer treatment yielded the best results for leaf number and fresh plant weight, while the 25 tons/ha quail manure + 50% NPK fertilizer treatment yielded the highest results for plant canopy weight and was able to match the results obtained from the application of 100% NPK fertilizer. Keywords: Quail Manure, NPK Fertilizer, Green Mustard Greenss
Copyright (c) 2026 Khayatul akilah, John Nefri, Nofrianil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
GROWTH PRODUCTIVITY OF PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.) AND LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) PLANTS IN AQUAPONIC SYSTEMS
Aquaponics is a cultivation method that integrates freshwater fish farming with hydroponics or soil-less plant cultivation, where wastewater from fish ponds is used as a source of nutrients for plants. This aquaponics system not only produces fish and fresh vegetables, but also reduces waste and water usage, making aquaponics an ideal solution for cultivation in small urban areas. This study aims to analyze and compare the growth productivity of pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in an aquaponics system. This study was conducted at the Lotta Agricultural Center (SAL), Pineleng District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, from October to December 2024. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two groups, namely pakcoy and lettuce plants, each with 57 replicates. The data collected included plant height, leaf width, number of leaves, biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content. The results showed that the aquaponics system had a significant effect on the growth of both types of plants. Pakcoy showed faster growth and higher productivity than lettuce, with significant differences in plant height (F = 223.160, Sig. = .000), leaf width (F =121.793, Sig. = .000), number of leaves (F = 734.323, Sig. = .000), and total biomass. Chlorophyll content in pakcoy was also higher than in lettuce, indicating greater photosynthetic capacity. The aquaponics system effectively supports the growth of pakcoy and lettuce, with pakcoy showing a better response. The aquaponics system can be an efficient sustainable agriculture solution in resource use and reducing environmental impact.
Jenifer Nasilia Vernanda Kansil Tangkuliwutang
Copyright (c) 2026 Emma Moko, Jenifer Nasilia Vernanda Kansil Tangkuliwutang, Helen Joan Lawalata, Livana Dethris Rawung, Johanna Zusye Wantania, Dino Rahardiyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF FARMERS' SATISFACTION TOWARDS ABSOLUT 69 BIRD'S CHILI SEEDS IN THE SPECIAL REGION OF YOGYAKARTA USING THE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX (CSI) METHOD
Superior seeds play an important role in increasing cayenne pepper productivity; however, studies specifically examining farmer satisfaction with particular seed products remain limited. This study aimed to analyze the satisfaction level of farmers using Absolut 69 cayenne pepper seeds produced by PT. Mitra Merdeka Tani in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method. The research was conducted from November 2025 to April 2026 in Sleman, Bantul, and Kulon Progo Regencies. A total of 100 farmers were selected through purposive sampling, with the criterion that they had used Absolut 69 seeds for at least two consecutive planting seasons. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a 1–4 Likert scale covering 21 satisfaction attributes grouped into five dimensions. The results showed a CSI value of 80.12%, indicating that farmers were highly satisfied with the product. The attribute with the highest importance level (MIS) was fruit quality, including color, size, and shape (3.29), while the lowest importance level was found in the benefits of promotional activities (3.04). In terms of performance (MSS), ease of access to seed sellers or distributors achieved the highest score (3.41), reflecting good distribution accessibility for farmers. Conversely, seed stock availability during the planting season recorded the lowest performance score (3.06), indicating supply constraints during periods of high demand. Overall, farmers expressed a very high level of satisfaction with Absolut 69 seeds; however, improvements in distribution management and stock availability should be prioritized to sustain farmer satisfaction in the long term. Keywords: Absolut 69, cayenne pepper seeds, Customer Satisfaction Index, farmer satisfaction, seed products
Copyright (c) 2026 Roy Pulan, Ananti Yekti, Agus Wartapa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF SHALLOT PRICE VOLATILITY AND ITS EFFECT ON VOLATILE FOOD INFLATION IN PAGAR ALAM CITY
Shallots are one of the strategic horticultural commodities that contribute to volatile food inflation due to their relatively high price fluctuations. This study aims to analyze the volatility of consumer-level shallot prices and their effect on volatile food inflation in Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province. The study employs secondary time-series data from 2019–2024, including shallot prices, shallot production, volatile food inflation, and rainfall. Data were obtained from the National Strategic Food Price Information Center (PIHPS), Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Bank Indonesia, the South Sumatra Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), and the Trade Office of Pagar Alam City. Data were analyzed using the ARCH/GARCH model to measure price volatility and multiple linear regression to examine the effect of shallot prices on volatile food inflation. Prior to estimation, the data were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The results indicate that shallot prices in Pagar Alam City exhibit high and persistent volatility, particularly during periods of heavy rainfall and food distribution disruptions. Regression results show that shallot prices have a positive and significant effect on volatile food inflation, while increased shallot production tends to reduce food inflation. Thus, shallot price volatility is one of the factors contributing to volatile food inflation in Pagar Alam City. The ARCH/GARCH model can serve as a useful tool for price monitoring and the formulation of regional food price stabilization policies. Keywords: Inflation, rice volatility; shallots; volatile food.
Copyright (c) 2026 Serly Novita Sari, Yulian Junaidi, Trissa Silvian, Muhammad Andri Zuliansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF SEED COATING BASED ON Trichoderma sp. AND TYPES OF COATING MATERIALS ON THE VIABILITY AND VIGOR OF CORN (Zea mays L.) SEEDS DURING STORAGE
The decrease in seed viability and vigor during storage is one of the obstacles in maintaining the physiological quality of corn seeds. This study aims to determine the effect of Trichoderma sp.-based seed coating with several types of coating materials on the viability and vigor of corn seeds (Zea mays L.) during 3 months of storage, and to obtain the best treatment in maintaining the physiological quality of seeds. The study was conducted at the Agronomy Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Singaperbangsa University, Karawang, from January to May 2026 using a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications. The data were analyzed using variance analysis and further tested using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The results of the study showed that Trichoderma sp.-based seed coating with several types of coating materials had a significant effect on the viability and vigor of corn seeds during storage. The negative control and sodium alginate treatments were the best coating materials for maintaining seed viability and vigor during 3 months of storage. Keywords: Germination, seed deterioration, seed storage, sodium alginate
Copyright (c) 2026 Adinda Putri Virgia, Siti Latifatus Siriyah, Elia Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST KASCING PLUS AND ECO ENZYME APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH OF CLOVE SEEDLINGS UNDER NURSERY CONDITIONS
The availability of healthy and vigorous seedlings is a crucial factor in supporting successful clove cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vermicompost Kascing Plus combined with eco enzyme on the growth of clove seedlings under nursery conditions. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of different application rates of vermicompost Kascing Plus combined with eco enzyme, along with a urea fertilizer treatment as a comparison. Seedling growth was assessed based on plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves, observed at two week intervals from two to ten weeks after planting. Selected soil chemical and biological properties, including organic carbon, total nitrogen, C over N ratio, microbial activity, and soil pH, were analyzed at the beginning and end of the experiment. The results showed that the combined application of vermicompost and eco enzyme significantly influenced clove seedling growth. Moderate application rates produced more balanced vegetative growth, reflected by higher plant height, thicker stems, and greater leaf numbers compared to the control treatment. Excessive application rates did not result in proportional growth improvement. These findings indicate that vermicompost Kascing Plus combined with eco enzyme can be utilized as an organic based fertilizer input to support clove seedling production and promote more sustainable nursery management practices in clove producing areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Luh Kartini, Putu Oki Bimantara, Vanessa Vanessa, Trianita Br. Hutagalung, Querida Maria Grace, I Wayan Alit Rucika, Ivana Cein Pardosi, Manumpak Pardingotan Sitanggang, Ni Wayan Sri Anggarini, Rachel Maulidhya, Randa Simbolon, Yesika Manihuruk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
OPTIMIZATION OF THE USE OF POC JADAM FERTILIZER, PGPR WITH RICE HUSK BIOCHAR PLANTING MEDIA ON GROWTH RESULTS OF PEANUTS (Arachis hypogeae)
This study aimed to determine the effect of Jadam Liquid Organic Fertilizer (Jadam POC) and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) combined with rice husk biochar as a growing medium on the growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The study was conducted from April to June 2025 in a plantation area located in Kahu District, Bone Regency. The experiment was arranged using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of four treatments: P0 (control), P1 (87 g rice husk biochar), P2 (150 ml Jadam POC + 87 g rice husk biochar), and P3 (150 ml PGPR + 87 g rice husk biochar), with five replications, resulting in 20 experimental units. The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, number of pods, and pod weight. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and significant differences among treatments were further tested using the Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test at the 5% significance level. The results showed that treatment P3 (150 ml PGPR + 87 g rice husk biochar) produced the best response in almost all observed parameters. The highest plant height (39.16 cm) and number of leaves (179 leaves) were obtained in P3, which were significantly higher than those in P0 and P1, but not significantly different from P2. The highest number of pods was recorded in P3 (38 pods) and was not significantly different from P2 (34 pods), although both treatments outperformed P1 and P0. The highest pod weight was also obtained in P3 (380.3 g), which was significantly different from P0 and P1 but not significantly different from P2. Therefore, the application of PGPR combined with rice husk biochar was the most effective treatment for improving the growth and yield of peanut plants. Keywords: Jadam POC, PGPR, peanut productivity, rice husk
Copyright (c) 2026 Hasmariyanti, Eka Sudartik, Ahmad Zailan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLYING COFFEE GROUNDS ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND BOOSTER FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF PURPLE EGGPLANT (Solanum melongena L.)
Increasing the national yield of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) requires the application of environmentally friendly fertilization technology. This study was designed to evaluate the response of plants to the application of coffee grounds, organic waste, and booster fertilizer formulas, both applied separately and integrated, on the vegetative performance and fruit production of purple eggplant. The research method used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatments and three replications: K0 (control), K1 (20 g coffee grounds), K2 (2 ml/L booster), K3 (4 ml/L booster), K4 (20 g coffee grounds +2 ml/L booster), and K5 (20 g coffee grounds + 4 ml/L booster). The results showed that the K4 combination treatment produced the best harvest with the highest fruit weight of 277.08 g. Meanwhile, K5 exhibited the highest vegetative growth, as measured by plant height and leaf number. This fertilizer combination is effective in increasing the productivity of purple eggplant.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irfandi, Sulkifli Sulkifli https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY ON RICE (Oryza sativa L.) PRODUCTIVITY IN PATEBON VILLAGE, PASURUAN REGENCY
Irrigation water quality is an important factor in rice productivity, especially in areas receiving water from polluted rivers. This study aims to analyze the status of irrigation water quality and its impact on rice productivity in Patebon Village, Pasuruan Regency, which is fed by the Welang Watershed through the Sendupati and Depok Rivers. The study was conducted from September 2024 to January 2025 using a quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach. Water sampling was carried out purposively at six points (upstream, midstream, and downstream) in May and August 2024. Eight parameters were analyzed: pH, TSS, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, and E. coli bacteria. Water quality status was determined using the Pollution Index (IP) method based on the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003. The results showed that in 2024, the IP value ranged from 0.92 to 1.50. Most of the sample points (points 2–6) are in the lightly polluted category (class II), except for downstream point 1 which is in the good category (class I). Rice productivity in Patebon Village increased from an average of 3.3 quintals/land area in 2022 to 5.6 quintals/land area in 2024. Despite the increase in productivity, physical parameters such as TSS, DO, BOD, and COD in 2022 were still classified as class III, indicating an improvement in water quality in 2024. A decrease in IP value of 60.3% at the midpoint indicates an improvement in water quality that is correlated with an increase in crop yields. This study recommends the need for sustainable pollution control to maintain agricultural sustainability. Keywords: rice, water quality, harvest yield, pollution index
Copyright (c) 2026 Rally Murthi, Ahmad Zainul Arifin, Retno Tri Purnamasari, Fajar Hidayanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
GROWTH RESPONSE OF ADVENTIVE SHOOT GINGER PLANTS TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF ZPT FROM SHALLOT EXTRACT
This study aims to activate the growth response of ginger (Zingiber officinale var. amarum) shoots to the application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) from shallot extract (Allium cepa) with concentrations of 0 ml (control), 15 ml, 25 ml, and 30 ml using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications. The parameters observed included the length of adventitious shoots (5, 15, 30 days after planting), the time of shoot emergence (days after planting), and the speed of shoot growth (cm/day), analyzed by ANOVA and the BNJ test at a 5% level. The results showed that application of shallot extract had a very significant effect on shoot length at 5 days after planting (F-count 7.04 > F-table 4.94) with the 30 ml treatment (P3) reaching 0.90 cm, significantly different from the control (0.22 cm). The time of shoot emergence was also very significant (F-count 9.23 > F-table 4.94), the fastest in P3 (2.33 days) compared to the control (5.00 days). However, the speed of shoot growth was not significant (F-count 1.81 < F-table 3.10), although P3 was the highest (0.198 cm/day). Shallot extract is effective as a natural PGR to stimulate early shoot initiation. Keywords: Adventitious shoots, Red onion extract, ZPT
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurlaela, Eka Sudartik, Ahmad Zailan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF ADMINISTERING THE ANTIBIOTIC CYPROTYLOGRIN ON THE PRODUCTION OF LAYING CHICKENS IN THE LAYER PHASE DURING THE RECOVERY PERIOD AT CV BERKAT KARYA GEMILANG KARANGANYAR
This study aimed to analyze the effect of administering Cyprotylogrin Antibiotic on the performance of laying hens during the recovery period in the layer phase at CV Berkat Karya Gemilang. The study used a quasi-experimental method with two treatment groups, namely group A (Cyprotylogrin Antibiotic + vitamins) and group B (vitamins only), each consisting of 1,300 hens. Observations were conducted for 14 days on egg production (trays), egg weight (kg), and feed intake. Data were analyzed using the Independent Samples T-Test.The results showed that the treatment group had a higher average egg production (35.36 trays) compared to the control group (33.65 trays), with a significant difference (P < 0.01). The average egg weight was also higher in the treatment group (67.57 kg) compared to the control group (63.34 kg), with a highly significant difference (P < 0.01). For the feed intake variable, there was a significant difference (P = 0.05). It can be concluded that the administration of Cyprotylogrin Antibiotic had a significant effect on improving the production performance of laying hens during the recovery period in the layer phase
Copyright (c) 2026 Defa Fernando, Kukuh Hari Iswanto, Ludfia Windyasmara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
STUDY OF THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF DRY LAND IN CHILI (Capsicum annum) GARDENS IN THE TARUNA JABALFARM FARMERS GROUP, NORTH CENTRAL TIMOR REGENCY
Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important vegetable commodities in the food industry and has many benefits. As a member of the Solanaceae family, red chili has high economic value and attractive market prospects. In addition to being consumed fresh as a mixture of cooking spices, chili fruit can also be preserved in various forms, such as pickles, sauces, chili flour, and dried fruit. This study aims to analyze the physical-chemical properties of soil in dry land used for chili cultivation (Capsicum annum L.) by the Taruna Jabalfarm Farmer Group in North Central Timor Regency. The parameters analyzed include soil texture, water content, organic matter, soil pH, and nutrient content such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The results of the analysis showed that the soil has a sandy clay texture with a dominant sand content of 76.16%. The water content reaches 20.45%, organic matter is classified as low at 1.19%, slightly alkaline pH at 7.65%, and phosphorus content is very high at 62.26%, and potassium is quite good at 0.76%. Based on the results of this analysis, the soil requires additional processing in the form of organic matter and proper fertilization to support optimal growth of chili plants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Angelina Tuas, Natalia Desy Djata Ndua , Deseriana Bria, Bernadinus Bria Naifio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FARMERS' DECISIONS IN CONTINUING ARABICA COFFEE FARMING IN PEMATANG SIDAMANIK VILLAGE, PEMATANG SIDAMANIK DISTRICT, SIMALUNGUN REGENCY
Pematang Sidamanik Village, located in Pematang Sidamanik Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency, is one of the areas known as a center for Arabica coffee production in North Sumatra. A phenomenon of concern is the declining interest of farmers, especially the younger generation, in continuing coffee farming. As a result, many coffee farmers are forced to switch to other jobs to meet their families' needs. This trend threatens the sustainability of Arabica coffee production in Pematang Sidamanik Village. This study aims to identify the factors influencing farmers' decisions in Pematang Sidamanik Village and to examine farmers' decisions regarding the continuation of Arabica coffee farming in the village. The research methodology employs a quantitative descriptive approach with binary logistic regression analysis. The sample was selected using simple random sampling, with a total of 42 Arabica coffee farmers. The results indicate that selling price and income have a positive and significant influence on farmers' decisions to continue Arabica coffee farming in Pematang Sidamanik Village. This is due to relatively stable and normal selling prices, ranging from IDR 30,000 to IDR 36,500 per kilogram. Additionally, the higher the income received by farmers, the greater their tendency to maintain or continue their Arabica coffee farming. A survey of 42 respondents showed that 54.8% of farmers decided to continue Arabica coffee farming in Pematang Sidamanik Village. Some factors influencing this decision include the hilly terrain, which is suitable for Arabica coffee cultivation, ease of plant maintenance, and stable selling prices and income. Keywords: Farmer Decision, Arabica Coffee, Coffee Farming.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wildani Lubis, Syahbani Alfaizar Nababan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TRANSFORMATION OF INDONESIAN RICE PRODUCTION: ANALYSIS OF GROWTH TRENDS AND MAIN DETERMINANT FACTORS FOR THE PERIOD 2003–2023
This study analyzes the transformation and determinants of rice production in Indonesia for the period 2003–2023 using time series data and the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. Rice commodities face a dualism between government self-sufficiency efforts and structural defense, particularly land conversion that significantly reduces the national rice field area. The analysis results show that the rice production growth rate (CAGR) is very low. The positive growth that occurs is dominated by productivity increases, while the area of rice fields experiences contraction. Partially, the variable Harvested Paddy Area is proven to have the most significant and elastic influence on rice production, both in the long and short term, indicating that Harvested Area is the main determinant. The Labor variable shows a significant positive effect only in the long-term equilibrium, while UREA Fertilizer, Agricultural Credit, and Population are found to be statistically insignificant in affecting production individually. This sector also shows a rapid adjustment mechanism (negative and significant ECT) in responding to shocks. These findings confirm the crucial role of Harvested Area in production volume and provide empirical justification for land extensification policies. However, the desire for production demands an integrated strategy of extensification and intensification, supported by strict land protection regulations and improving the quality of the workforce, as a prerequisite for achieving sustainable growth. Keywords: Agricultural Development, Harvest Area, Regional Economy, Rice Production.
Copyright (c) 2026 Herdiana Anggrasari, Dhika Cahyasita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
GROWTH RESPONSE AND DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF THREE ECHINACEA PURPUREA ACCESSIONS AT DIFFERENT WATERING INTERVALS
Drought is widely recognized as one of the most critical environmental constraints limiting plant growth and development, particularly in medicinal species such as Echinacea purpurea. This research was conducted to assess the growth performance and drought tolerance of three E. purpurea accessions exposed to different watering regimes. The study employed a completely randomized design arranged factorially, consisting of two experimental factors, namely accession (three accessions) and watering interval (1, 3, 5, and 7 days), with each treatment replicated five times. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences among treatments were further evaluated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% probability level. The findings revealed that watering interval had a significant influence on plant growth, while the effect of accession was less pronounced for most observed variables. Daily watering resulted in superior growth performance, as reflected by greater plant height and a higher number of leaves. In contrast, extending the watering interval led to a marked reduction in growth. Among the evaluated accessions, accession 3 consistently exhibited better adaptation under limited water availability. Furthermore, differences in root-to-shoot ratio under drought conditions suggest the occurrence of adaptive mechanisms that enable plants to cope with water deficit stress. Overall, the results indicate that watering interval plays a more decisive role than accession in determining the growth of E. purpurea, whereas accession 3 possesses the greatest potential for drought tolerance. Keywords: drought stress, Echinacea purpurea, growth, drought tolerance
Copyright (c) 2026 Rina Puji Lestari, Ahmad Yunus, Samanhudi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF FOREST CONSERVATION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACT ON COMMUNITIES IN KARANG GADING WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND NORTHEAST LANGKAT
Forest conservation partnerships are designed to reconcile protected-area management with local livelihood needs. This study analyzed the implementation, effectiveness, and economic impacts of the Forest Conservation Partnership Program in the Karang Gading and Langkat Timur Laut Wildlife Reserve, North Sumatra, Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach was used and supported by qualitative information from interviews, field observation, and program documents. Primary data were collected from 45 purposively selected respondents involved in or familiar with the partnership program. Program effectiveness was measured using a five-point Likert scale covering community participation, partnership institutions, area sustainability, implementation of conservation activities, and economic impacts. Income differences before and after the program were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test because the income data were not normally distributed. The results show that the overall program effectiveness index reached 85.92%, categorized as highly effective. The strongest dimensions were area sustainability (86.86%) and partnership institutions (86.78%), followed by conservation activity implementation (86.37%), community participation (84.98%), and economic impact (84.59%). Average monthly income increased from IDR 2,533,333 to IDR 3,258,889, with 44 respondents experiencing income gains and one respondent reporting no change. The Wilcoxon test indicated a statistically significant income difference (Z = -5.922; p < 0.001). The findings suggest that conservation partnerships can simultaneously strengthen mangrove conservation governance and improve community livelihoods, although market access, enterprise capacity, and benefit distribution require further policy support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lindawati, Lusiana Simatupang, Tri Martial https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF NPK AND ECO-ENZYME FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF INPARI 32 VARIETY OF WELSHAW RICE
The productivity of paddy fields in Indonesia still faces various obstacles, especially related to the decline in soil fertility due to the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers and the lack of optimal management of organic matter. Efforts to increase rice production need to be carried out through the application of fertilization technology that is able to improve soil conditions while increasing the efficiency of nutrient absorption. One alternative that can be applied is the combination of the use of NPK fertilizers and eco-enzymes in rice field cultivation. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of NPK fertilizers and eco-enzymes on the growth and yield of rice fields of the INPARI 32 variety. The research was carried out in Boak Village, Moyo Hulu District, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, from December 2025 to March 2026. The study was compiled using a Group Random Design (RAK) factorial pattern consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer which consists of three levels, namely P1 = 150 kg/ha, P2 = 300 kg/ha, and P3 = 450 kg/ha. The second factor is the concentration of eco-enzymes which consists of three levels, namely E1 = 10 ml/L of water, E2 = 20 ml/L of water, and E3 = 30 ml/L of water. Each treatment was repeated three times so that 27 experimental units were obtained. The observed parameters included plant height, number of seedlings, number of productive saplings, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, grain weight per clump, and weight of 1000 grains. The observation data were analyzed using multiple analysis (ANOVA) at a real level of 5% and continued with the Smallest Real Difference Test (BNT) at the level of 5% if the treatment showed a real effect. The results of the study showed that the application of NPK fertilizer had a real effect on plant height, number of productive saplings, panicle length, grain weight per clump, and weight of 1000 grains of rice field of INPARI 32 variety. NPK fertilizer treatment at a dose of 300 kg/ha (P2) provided the best response on most observation parameters. The application of eco-enzymes has a real effect on plant height and grain weight per clump, but it has no real effect on the number of productive saplings, panicle length, grain weight per panicle, and weight of 1000 grains. Eco-enzyme treatment with a concentration of 30 ml/L (E3) tends to produce better plant growth and yield than other treatments. In general, the combination of NPK fertilizer and eco-enzyme applications has the potential to increase the growth and yield of INPARI 32 rice fields through increasing the availability of nutrients and improving soil biological conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nursamsidar, Muamar Kadafi, Musafir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
UTILIZATION OF TUBA ROOT EXTRACT (Derris elliptica Benth.) AS A VEGETABLE PESTICIDE FOR CONTROL OF THE PEST Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the main pests of corn. The intensity of S. frugiperda attacks was quite high, namely 57.62%. Controlling S. frugiperda using tuba root extract is an environmentally friendly pest control technique. The research aims to determine the concentration of tuba root extract (Derris elliptica Benth) that is effective in controlling S. frugiperda. Preliminary test research was carried out at the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, and further tests were carried out in Oloboju Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, from July 2023 to October 2023. Preliminary tests used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and for further tests in the field used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments, namely without extract (K0), concentration 2, 5% tuba root extract (K1), 5% (K2), 10% (K3), and 20% (K4). The results of research in the laboratory showed that the K4 was able to kill S. frugiperda larvae and inhibit the development of the larvae into pupae. Based on LC50 probit analysis, tuba root extract can kill S. frugiperda larvae above 50%. Field application shows that a concentration of 20% (K4) is able to suppress attacks by S. frugiperda larvae, and can increase corn production. Application of 20% concentration of tuba root extract can kill S. frugiperda larvae by 53.33%, inhibit the development of larvae into pupae by 46.67%, suppress attacks by 22.78%, and increase production corn amounted to 3.48 tonnes/ha.
Copyright (c) 2026 Flora Pasaru, Burhanuddin Haji Nasir, Mutmainah, Sri Anjar Lasmini, Nova A. Panggalo, Ivonela Karolina Yahya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF RICE HUSK BIOCHAR AND COW MANURE ON FE AND NI LEVELS AND PATCHOULI PLANT GROWTH ON FORMER NICKEL MINING LAND
Nickel is a fundamental natural resource with high economic value as a raw material for the stainless steel industry, vehicle batteries, electronic products, military weapons, and other industries. Unfortunately, the exploitation of nickel ore through open-pit mining creates a negative impact on the soil and ecosystem. A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of rice husk biochar and cow manure towards the Fe and Ni content and several soil chemical properties and patchouli growth on nickel-mined soil. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, from August to November 2023. This study was set up in according to the randomized block design in a factorial pattern in which the first factor was rice husk biochar comprised of without biochar, 75, 150 and 225 g polibag-1, while the second one was cow manure consisted of without cow manure, 75, 150and 225 g polibag-1. The results highlighted the increment of soil pH, CEC and available P due to the application of biochar and cow manure, and conversely the Iron (Fe) and Nickel (Ni) content tended to decrease linearly. Co-application of 3% rice husk biochar and 4.5% cow manure results in successful outcome on soil quality and promotes the dry weight of patchouli plants on nickel-mined soil
Copyright (c) 2026 Darwis Suleman, Syamsu Alam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE EFFECT OF PROVIDING LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM FERMENTATION OF GOAT URINE AND COW URINE WITH MA 11 ACTIVATOR ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF ODOT GRASS (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott)
This study examined the effects of applying liquid organic fertilizer (LOF), which is produced by fermenting a mixture of goat pee, cow urine, and the MA11 activator, on the growth and yield of odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott). With five replications and a single treatment factor consisting of four concentration levels, the study employed a completely randomized design (CRD). P0 (no LOF), P1 (10% LOF), P2 (20% LOF), and P3 (30% LOF) were the treatments. Plant height, leaf count, tiller count, fresh weight, and dry weight were among the observed metrics. The findings showed that applying LOF significantly increased the number of leaves, tillers, and plant height of odot grass. On fresh weight and dry weight, however, it had no discernible impact. When compared to the other treatments, P3 (30% LOF) produced the best growth response, making it the best treatment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fikri Abdullah, Ludfia Windyasmara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0