Translating “Swear & Curse Words” from Indonesian Literature into English

Authors

  • Erna Wiles Universitas Tri Atma Mulya Stenden

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32585/ijelle.v1i2.539

Abstract

Translating swear and curse words in a literary work is very challenging. Not only does it depict real life in the past, but it is also socio-culturally bound. Some words might have become archaic. To seek the best strategy, an analysis of the translation of Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s BumiManusia into “This Earth of Mankind” by Max Lane was performed. Strategies employed when a swear or curse words do not have the equivalence in the target language are as follows; 1) translate by using the literal form; 2) substitute the swear words from the target language with the closes features when context can help the readers understand the meaning and add and exclamation mark to deliver the emotive meaning; 3) add a lexical emphasis to preserve the emotive meaning; 4) use a completely different form of swear words but have the same meaning; 5) for swear and curse words using animal names can be replaced with any forms of swear and curse words but with the same meaning; and 6) swear words in a form of onomatopoeia can be retained as it is as long as the context allows.

References

Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (1991). Euphemism & dysphemism : language used as shield and weapon. Oxford, The UK: Oxford University Press.

Allan, K., & Burridge, K. (2006). Forbidden words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. In Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language. Cambridge, The UK: Cambridge University Press.

Anderson, R. B. W., & Brislin, R. W. (1976). Translation : applications and research. Gardner Press.

Andersson, L., & Trudgill, P. (1992). Bad Language. Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Bad-Language-Lars-Andersson/dp/0631178724

Baker, M. (2018). In Other Words.:A coursebook on Translation. In BabelBabel Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation (3rd ed.). New York, NY, The USA: Routledge.

Beiruti, A. M. (2013). Translating connotative meaning in literary texts at the university of Petra. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 2(5), 81. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.5p.81

Croom, A. M. (2014). The semantics of slurs: A refutation of pure expressivism. Language Sciences, 41(PB), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2013.07.003

Crystal, D. (1995). Phonaesthetically speaking. English Today, 11(2), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026607840000818X

Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence (Vol. 1). Cambridge, The UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ghassempur, S. (2009). “Tha’’ Sounds Like Me Arse!": A Comparison of the Translation of Expletives in Two German Translations of Roddy Doyle’s The commitments” (Dublin City University). Retrieved from http://doras.dcu.ie/14885/

Goddard, C. (2015). “Swear words” and “curse words” in Australian (and American) English. at the crossroads of pragmatics, semantics and sociolinguistics. Intercultural Pragmatics, 12(2), 189–218. https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2015-0010

Hervey, S. G. J., & Higgins, I. (1992). Thinking Translation: A Course in Translation Method: French to English. In Language.

Holmes, J., & Stube, M. (2015). Power and Politeness in the Workplace: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Talk at Work. In Power and Politeness in the Workplace (2nd ed.). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315839189

Jay, T. (2000). Why We Curse: A Neuro-psycho-social Theory of Speech. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: John Benjamins B. V.

Jay, T. B., & Danks, J. H. (1977). Ordering of taboo adjectives. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9(6), 405–408. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03337038

Jay, T., & Janschewitz, K. (2008). The pragmatics of swearing. Journal of Politeness Research, 4(2), 267–288. https://doi.org/10.1515/jplr.2008.013

Kamus Pusat Bahasa. (2008). Kamus Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Bahasa.

Kelly, L. G. (Louis G. . (1979). The true interpreter : a history of translation theory and practice in the West. St. Martin’s Press.

Larson, M. L. (1998). Meaning-Based Translation: A Guide to Cross-Language Equivalence. Lanham, Marylan, the USA: University Press of America.

Leech, G. (1985). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd.

McEnery, T. (2004). Swearing in English. In Swearing in English. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203501443

Mohr, M. (2013). Holy sh*t: a brief history of swearing. In Choice Reviews Online (Vol. 51). New York, NY, The USA: Oxfor University Press.

Newmark, P. (1996). About Translation. Adelaide, Australia: Multi Lingual Matters Ltd.

Nida, E., & Taber, C. (1982). [Eugene_A._Nida,_Charles_R._Taber,]_The_Theory_and(BookFi.org).pdf (p. 218). p. 218.

Pinker, S. (2008). The Stuff of Thought. New York, NY, The USA: Penguin Books Ltd.

Sudaryanto, P. (2001). Kamus Pepak Basa Jawa. Retrieved from https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16273728?q&versionId=19085105

Toer, P. A. (2002). Bumi Manusia (9th ed.). Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Hasta Mitra.

Toer, P. A., & Lane, M. (1996). This Earth of Mankind. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53). New York, NY, The USA: Penguin Books Ltd.

Umagandhi, R., & Vinothini, M. (2017). Leech’s seven types of meaning in semantics. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Www.Allsubjectjournal.Com, 4(3), 71–72. https://doi.org/ISSN: 2349-5979

Wajnryb, R. (2005). Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language. New York, NY, The USA: Free Press.

Wilss, W. (1982). The science of translation: problems and methods, Volumes 180-183. 292. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?start=20&q=translation+studies&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5#17

Downloads

Published

2019-12-31

How to Cite

Wiles, E. (2019). Translating “Swear & Curse Words” from Indonesian Literature into English. International Journal of English Linguistics, Literature, and Education (IJELLE), 1(2), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.32585/ijelle.v1i2.539

Issue

Section

Artikel